Professor ZHUANG Li-xing's experience of mind-regulation acupuncture for psychosomatic disorders / 中国针灸

Professor ZHUANG Li-xing's diagnosis and treatment method and manipulation key points of mind-regulation acupuncture for psychosomatic disorders are summarized. Professor ZHUANG proposes that psychosomatic disorders can be subdivided into "mind-body disorder" and "body-mind disorder". The former requires treatment aimed at regulating the mind. The main acupoints are Sishenzhen, Shenting (GV 24), Yintang (GV 24+), Shenmen (HT 7) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). The additional acupoints are Suliao (GV 25), Shuigou (GV 26), Shenmai (BL 62), Zhaohai (KI 6), Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3), etc. The latter requires treatment aimed at improving the original diseases, supplemented by regulating the mind (row acupuncture on the governor vessel). Acupoint selection is based on the theories of brain-mind, and the emphasis is placed on the governor vessel; in the meanwhile, regulating zangfu and qi-blood should be valued. After the arrival of qi, the Daoqi Tongjing method (the specific technique for directing qi and preserving essence) is applied, combined with auricular point sticking and fire needling at affected part to enhance the curative effect.

Trocas na selva: uma experiência com grupo de fotoexpressão em meio ao distúrbio psicossomático / Exchanges in the jungle: a photoexpression group experience amid psychosomatic disorder / Cambios en la selva: una experiencia con grupo de fotoexpresión en medio al disturbio psicosomático

Este trabalho é mobilizado pela experiência institucional em um serviço de saúde publica que acolhe pacientes cuja problemática da somatização forma essencialmente seu quadro clínico. No sofrimento que circula no distúrbio psicossomático a incerteza do alojamento da psique no soma é a questão central. Todavia, esta clínica apresenta especificidades que desafiam as constantes de um enquadre psicanalítico tradicional. A técnica da Fotoexpressão como objeto mediador, utilizada em grupos, é observada como uma estratégia bastante apropriada no manejo destes pacientes. A situação clínica que este recurso suscita busca restabelecer a área de jogo e mediante uma zona intermediária, tenta abrir caminhos para processos elementares da experiência. Por meio de um recorte clínico buscamos problematizar a dimensão corporal e o elemento da violência diante do recurso da Fotoexpressão, analisando seus efeitos e possibilidades de deslocamentos.

This work is mobilized by an institutional experience in a public health service that welcomes patients whose somatization problem essentially forms their clinical picture. In the suffering that circulates in the psychosomatic disturbance the uncertainty of the psyche's accommodation in the soma is the central issue. However, this clinic has specificities that defy the constants of a traditional psychoanalytic framework. The technique of Photoexpression as a mediator object, used in groups, is observed as a very appropriate strategy in the management of these patients. The clinical situation that this resource raises seeks to reestablish the playing area and through an intermediate zone, tries to open the way for elementary processes of experience. Through a clinical outline we seek to problematize the body dimension and the element of violence in the face of the Photoexpression resource, analyzing its effects and possibilities of displacement.

Este trabajo es movilizado por la experiencia institucional en un servicio de salud pública que acoge pacientes cuya problemática de la somatización forma esencialmente su cuadro clínico. En el sufrimiento que circula en el disturbio psicosomático la incertidumbre del alojamiento de la psique en suma es la cuestión central. Todavía, esta clínica presenta especificidades que desafian las constantes de un encuadre psicoanalítico tradicional. La técnica de la Fotoexpresión como objeto mediador, utilizada en grupos, es observada como una estrategia bastante apropiada en el manejo de estos pacientes. La situación clínica que este recurso suscita busca restablecer la área del juego y mediante una zona intermediaria, intenta abrir caminos para procesos elementares de experiencia. Por medio de un recorte clínico buscamos problematizar la dimensión corporal y el elemento de la violencia ante al recurso de la Fotoexpresión analizando sus efectos y posibilidades de desplazamientos.

Psychological profile of pet owners in Isfahan, Iran / Perfil psicológico de tutores de animais em Isfahan, Irã

This study aimed to compare the psychological profile of pet owners with the ones who didn't own any pets. The research method was a casual-comparative study. Pet owners and people without pets were included in this research which was done in Iran in February 2017. One hundred and sixty people were selected in this sample in a nonrandom available sampling method and matched in terms of demographic characteristics. Eighty people, pet owners, were referred to the veterinary clinics and 80 didn't own any pets. They were assessed by a psychological signs inventory. The result of ANOVA indicated that pet owners and those without any pets were indifferent in the characteristics of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, hostility, paranoid, interpersonal sensitivity, and psychosis, while those without any pets, statistically had a higher average in somatization and depression than the pet owners and it could be justified by corrective emotional experience, displacement, and sublimation in the pet owner. This statistic can be based on the fact that pet owners use these animals as an object for thrilling topics which is a factor to decrease their psychological stress and increase their physical health.(AU)

O presente trabalho é um estudo comparativo casual que comparou o perfil psicológico de tutores e não tutores de animais de estimação. Os tutores e os não tutores foram incluídos na pesquisa realizada no mês de fevereiro de 2017 em Isfahan, Irã. Os 160 participantes da investigação foram selecionados de forma não casual e associados com base nas suas características demográficas. Os 80 tutores de animais haviam procurado clínicas veterinárias e o grupo controle nunca teve qualquer animal de estimação. Os dois grupos foram submetidos a um questionário psicológico. O tratamento estatístico dos resultados por análise de variância revelou a ausência de diferença entre os dois grupos para as características: ansiedade, desordens obsessivas-compulsivas, hostilidade, paranoia, sensibilidade interpessoal e psicoses. Contudo, foi constatado que os não tutores de animais de estimação apresentaram uma média estatisticamente mais elevada de somatização e depressão, o que pode ser justificado por uma experiência emocional corretiva, deslocamento e sublimação evidenciada nos tutores que pode ser atribuída ao fato dos animais constituírem um fator de valor emocional que contribui para a redução do estresse psicológico e melhoria da saúde física e emocional dos seus tutores.(AU)

Los trastornos psicosomáticos en el niño y el adolescente / The psychosomatic disorders in children and adolescents

Los trastornos psicosomáticos se caracterizan por manifestaciones somáticas de origen no patológico y poseen una significativa prevalencia en niños y adolescentes; sin embargo, resulta difícil identificarlos, pues no existe un consenso adecuado para su diagnóstico y las investigaciones acerca del tema son insuficientes. Lo anterior condujo a efectuar el presente artículo, en el que se abordan aspectos etiopatogénicos y clinicoepidemiológicos que proporcionan los principales elementos para identificar dichos trastornos y establecer un diagnóstico acertado; asimismo se destaca que estas afecciones son frecuentes en poblaciones infantojuveniles con rasgos de introversión y/o antecedentes personales y familiares de enfermedades físicas y mentales, y que su causa es multifactorial, aunque entre los muchos factores sobresalen la vulnerabilidad al estrés, la disfunción familiar, la sobreprotección parental, así como también las situaciones precipitantes (acoso escolar, separación de los padres, abuso sexual) y las perpetuadoras; estas últimas están condicionadas por los beneficios primario y secundario que los menores obtienen de estos padecimientos.

The psychosomatic disorders are characterized by somatic signs of non-pathological origin which possess a significant prevalence in children and adolescents; however, it is difficult to identify them, because there is no appropriate consent for its diagnosis and the investigations about the topic are insufficient. That is the reason why we decided to carry out the present work, in which some etiopathogenic, clinical and epidemiological aspects are approached that provide the main elements to identify these disorders and to establish a good diagnosis; it is also relevant that these disorders are frequent in juvenile populations with introversion features and/or personal and family history of physical and mental diseases, with multifactorial cause, although among the many relevant factors we can mention vulnerability to stress, family dysfunction, parental overprotection, as well as the precipitant situations (school harassment, parents' separation, sexual abuse) and the permanent situations; the latter are conditioned by the primary and secondary benefits that minors obtain with these sufferings.

Psychodynamic Study about Reflux and Colic During the First Year of Life / Estudo Psicodinâmico dos Sintomas Refluxo e Cólica no Primeiro Ano de Vida / Estudio Psicodinámico de los Síntomas de Reflujo y Cólico en el Primer Año de Vida

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the psychodynamics of three mother-infant pairs with reflux diagnosis and two with colic diagnosis and their possible relation to the referred psychosomatic disorders. Qualitative exploratory study in which the sample was composed after signing the informed consent form. Instruments: semi-directed interview, seven boards of the Thematic Apperception Test and Naturalistic Observation. Content analysis of the interviews and TAT boards was performed and the way the mother perceived the productions of the baby was considered from naturalistic observation. These analyses supported psychodynamic interpretations of the functioning of the dyads studied. As main results, the reflux group highlights the need for maternal support and the presence of maternal ambivalence. In mother-infant pairs with colic, there is anxiety regarding their own ability to care for their child. In both groups, there is environmental influence on the way mothers feel about sufficiently good mothering.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a psicodinâmica de três pares mãe-bebê com diagnóstico de refluxo e dois com diagnóstico de cólica e sua possível relação com as referidas desordens psicossomáticas. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo e exploratório cuja a amostra foi composta após assinatura do termo de consentimento. Instrumentos: entrevista semi-dirigida, sete pranchas do Teste de Apercepção Temática (TAT) e Observação Naturalista. Procedeu-se análise de conteúdo das entrevistas e das pranchas do TAT e, da observação naturalista, valorizou-se principalmente a maneira como a mãe percebeu as produções do bebê. Estas análises respaldaram interpretações psicodinâmicas do funcionamento das díades estudadas. Como principais resultados, destaca-se no grupo refluxo a necessidade de apoio para maternar e presença de ambivalência materna. Já nos pares mães-bebês com cólica, há ansiedade frente à própria capacidade de cuidar do filho. Nos dois grupos, há influência ambiental na maneira como as mães se sentem no exercício da maternagem suficientemente boa.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la psicodinámica de 3 parejas madre-bebé con diagnóstico de reflujo y 2 con cólico y la posible relación de estos síntomas con trastornos psicosomáticos. El estudio es cualitativo y exploratorio. La muestra se compuso después de que los participantes firmaron el formulario de consentimiento. Instrumentos: entrevista semidirigida, 7 láminas del Test de Apercepción Temática y observación naturalista. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de las entrevistas y de las láminas del TAT y, a partir de la observación naturalista, se valoró la forma en que la madre percibió las producciones del bebé. Estos análisis respaldaron interpretaciones psicodinámicas del funcionamiento de las díadas estudiadas. Como resultados principales, en el grupo reflujo se destacan la necesidad de apoyo a la madre y la presencia de ambivalencia materna. En las parejas madre-bebé con cólico, se percibe ansiedad con respecto a la capacidad para cuidar al niño. En ambos grupos, hubo influencia ambiental en los sentimientos de las madres sobre el buen ejercicio de la maternidad.

Psychological intervention in oral patients in novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak period / 中华口腔医学杂志

Public health emergencies have an impact on the public mental health. The outbreak of the novel coronavirus has affected the normal diagnosis and treatment services in oral medical institutions across the country. Delay of non-emergency dental service will have a potential impact on the experience, cognition, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with oral diseases. Through literature review, this paper reviewed the oral psychosomatic diseases closely related to patients' psychological state, such as oral mucosal disease, temporomandibular joint disease, bruxism, periodontal disease and so on. It was believed that these patients might be more susceptible to the impact of stress events, and dental specialists should pay more attention to them. At the same time, this paper analyzes the possible psychological stress symptoms of patients with different oral diseases, and puts forward suggestions for remote consultation and emergency treatment of dentists. From the perspective of social role, dentists not only played the role of expert in dental home professional guidance, but also played the role of psychological counseling for patients.

Prevalence of associated psychosomatic symptoms in patients of irritable bowel syndrome

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of gastrointestinal tract with unclear aetiology and no reliable biomarkers like other chronic and functional disorders. Majority of the patients of IBS suffer from various forms of psychosomatic disorders as comorbidity that further exaggerate the complexity of diagnosis and management of IBS. The aim of the present study was to find the prevalence of commonly associated psychosomatic symptoms associated with IBS in the patients of lower socioeconomic strata.Methods: This is a prospective observational study carried out over a period of 10years from November-2007 till October-2017, in HAHC hospital attached to Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research. A structured questionnaire comprising of a total of 36 closed ended questions was designed. Eleven questions were about the demographic characteristics and twenty-five were pertaining to IBS symptoms according to Manning and Rome III criteria with some necessary modifications. Various psychosomatic illnesses were recorded separately after ruling out the organic cause with appropriate investigations.Results: In the present study out of 4000 patients with IBS symptoms, 70.8% were having some form of psychosomatic symptoms, Patients with psychosomatic disorders were significantly more often young in age and females (53.28%), showing highest number of patients belonging to the age group 26-35years (51.44%). 34% patient had two or more psychosomatic illnesses. Headache (62.26%) and insomnia (63.03%) were the commonest followed by chest pain (36.54%). Chest pain (77.68%), headache (62.26%) and insomnia (56.07%) was more common in male whereas palpitation (60.58%) and breathlessness (57.68%) was more common in female.Conclusions: There is significantly high prevalence of psychosomatic illness in the patients of IBS in the low socio-economic strata. The young patients (productive age group) are more affected which may be responsible for further deteriorating their social and economic condition.

Family intervention as a diagnostic complement in expanded pediatrics: The puzzle model / Intervención familiar como complemento diagnóstico en el marco de la pediatría ampliada: Modelo del rompecabezas

The puzzle model is a brief intervention, an interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic tool focused on the family. Its aim is to determine the impact of family dynamics on eliciting and developing the patient´s symptom. The adult and the child joint participation, by means of discourse in the case of the adult, and cognitive and projective games, in the case of the child, enable, through mutual interaction, the disclosure of the family structure and dynamics. The therapist, based on the elements arising from the interaction of both parties during the interview, reframes or sets up the new perspective of the described problem. The objective of this article is to describe the technique used. Two clinical cases and some results of this model are presented as an example.

El modelo del rompecabezas es una intervención breve, interdisciplinaria, diagnóstico-terapéutica, que toma como foco a la familia. Su finalidad es determinar el grado de participación de la dinámica familiar en la generación y desarrollo del síntoma presentado por el paciente. Participan de manera conjunta el adulto mediante el discurso y el niño mediante juegos cognitivos y proyectivos que permiten, a través de la interacción mutua, descubrir la estructura y la dinámica familiar. El terapeuta, a partir de los elementos aportados en la interacción de las partes durante la entrevista, arma y realiza el reencuadre o nueva mirada del problema presentado. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la técnica empleada. Se ejemplifica con dos casos clínicos y se muestran algunos resultados del modelo de atención.

Anger, Anger Expression, and Biopsychosocial Health in Korean Adolescents / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore status and relationships of anger and its expression type to biopsychosocial health in Korean adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used four reliable survey questionnaires that measure anger, depression, resilience, and psychosomatic symptoms. Data were collected from 18,752 students of 36 middle schools and 23 high schools located in 23 administrative districts in Seoul, Korea. RESULTS: The Korean adolescents who completed the questionnaires indicated moderate level of trait anger. 45% of them demonstrated using one of three undesirable types of anger expression such as dysfunctional anger-in and anger-out, high level anger-in, or high level anger-out. Also, level of trait anger and types of anger expression were significantly associated with resilience, depression, and psychosomatic health status. CONCLUSION: School-based mental health education such as anger management programs for Korean adolescents might be necessary to help them develop desirable and effective coping skills and strategies.

Anger, Anger Expression, and Biopsychosocial Health in Korean Adolescents / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore status and relationships of anger and its expression type to biopsychosocial health in Korean adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used four reliable survey questionnaires that measure anger, depression, resilience, and psychosomatic symptoms. Data were collected from 18,752 students of 36 middle schools and 23 high schools located in 23 administrative districts in Seoul, Korea. RESULTS: The Korean adolescents who completed the questionnaires indicated moderate level of trait anger. 45% of them demonstrated using one of three undesirable types of anger expression such as dysfunctional anger-in and anger-out, high level anger-in, or high level anger-out. Also, level of trait anger and types of anger expression were significantly associated with resilience, depression, and psychosomatic health status. CONCLUSION: School-based mental health education such as anger management programs for Korean adolescents might be necessary to help them develop desirable and effective coping skills and strategies.

Control Investigation of Psychologic Status between Post-traumatic Epilepsy Patients and Their Spouses / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate and compare the special psychologic characteristics of the post-traumatic epilepsy patients and their spouses.Methods The complete clinical data of 244 patients and their spouses were retrospectively and constractively analyzed. There were two distinct groups because of the etiology: group A including 122 patients of post-traumatic epilepsy and their spouses, and group B including essential epilepsy. Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were used to evaluate the psychologic status of objects.Results All of the single-item score of SCL-90 were significantly higher than the China norm (P<0.01) in both groups, and the score in group A was higher than that in group B. But the characteristics of the abnormal data were diffierent in patient from in spouse. The scores of the post-traumatic patients were higher than that of the spouses in 3 items, and lower in 5 items. Specially the depression and anxiety emotion of the spouses were more obvious than the patients in group A (P<0.01).Conclusion Both the patient and spouse have the conspicuous psychosomatic disorder, and the appearance is diffierent from each other. The psychosomatic disorder of post-traumatic epilepsy patient and spouse is more conspicuous than the essential epilepsy.

Revisión crítica del concepto psicosomático a la luz del dualismo mente-cuerpo / Critical review of the psychosomatic concept in the context of mind/body dualism

El concepto psicosomático trae consigo una pesada carga semántica que tienesus raíces en el dualismo filosófico, acentuado en la propuesta cartesiana, que hapermeado la racionalidad moderna y con ella la concepción de la enfermedad,tanto en el campo de la medicina como de la psicología. En esta revisión teórica seexpone una breve discusión en torno al concepto “psicosomático”, esbozando lasprincipales perspectivas en el abordaje de la relación mente-cuerpo. Se concluyecomo necesaria la revisión de las posiciones dualistas y la incorporación deuna nueva mirada de las nociones de salud y enfermedad, a partir de la cual elconcepto psicosomático se hace redundante.

The concept psychosomatic brings with it a heavy semantic burden that hasits roots in the philosophical dualism, accentuated in the Cartesian proposal,which has spread through modern rationality and with it the conception of thedisease, in the medical field as well as in psychology. The following articleprovides a brief discussion of this concept, outlining the main perspectivesin addressing the mind-body connection. In conclusion, it is necessary toreview dualistic positions and the addition of a new view of notions abouthealth and illness, from which psychosomatic concept becomes redundant.

O conceito psicossomático traz consigo uma pesada carga semântica que temas suas raízes no dualismo filosófico, acentuada na proposta cartesiana, que seespalhou através da racionalidade moderna e com ela a concepção da doença, nocampo médico, assim como em psicologia. O artigo a seguir apresenta uma brevediscussão sobre este conceito, expondo as principais perspectivas para abordara conexão mente-corpo. Em conclusão, é necessário rever posições e dualista daadição de uma nova perspectiva de noções sobre saúde e doença, a partir do qualo conceito psicossomático torna-se redundante.